GRAZING AND CONSERVATION ON HENGISTBURY HEAD

Why is grazing important?

Grazing plays a key role in maintaining species-rich habitats by controlling tall grasses and scrub which would otherwise dominate. Trampling creates gaps where small wildflowers can germinate on patches of bare ground, flower and then seed. Our most valuable habitats such as the ancient grassland of Barn Field and the meadows at Wick result from many centuries of grazing.

Grazing animals remove vegetation gradually (unlike cutting or burning), giving the natural fauna a chance to move to safety.

Why use cattle?

Cattle eat with a rasping tongue, pulling tufts of vegetation into the mouth.

Unlike sheep and ponies, which are more selective ‘nibblers’ and create a lawn-like’ turf, cattle tend not to target flower heads. This is important for maintaining a flower-rich meadow. Notice the tussocks of grass they leave behind, which are then used as cover by insects, small mammals and birds. Importantly cattle are able to trample tall vegetation, which is essential in controlling scrub.

Grazing is tailored to the seasons and to benefit wildlife. Summer grazing occurs on the marshes with winter grazing on the higher and drier ground. The Galloway cow is ideally suited to the harsh coastal conditions with its thick undercoat overlain with longer hairs which shed the rain. It is one of the oldest and hardiest breeds in the UK.